Incoterms

Terms Applicable to All Modes of Transport

EXW (Ex Works)

The seller's obligation ends when the goods are made available at their premises, and all transportation costs and risks thereafter are borne by the buyer.

FCA (Free Carrier)

The seller bears transportation costs to the designated place (carrier), but risk transfers to the buyer from the moment of delivery to the carrier.

CPT (Carriage Paid To)

The seller bears transportation costs to the destination.
However, risk transfers to the buyer from the moment goods are handed over to the carrier.

CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To)

The seller bears transportation costs to the destination as well as insurance premiums to cover risks during transportation.

DAP (Delivered At Place)

The seller is responsible for transportation to the destination, but only until before unloading.
Unloading and import customs clearance are borne by the buyer.

DPU (Delivered At Place Unloaded)

The seller is responsible for transportation to the destination and unloading.
Customs clearance procedures thereafter are borne by the buyer.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

The seller bears all costs (including duties) and risks to the destination.
The buyer only needs to receive the goods.

Sea and Inland Waterway Transport Only

FAS (Free Alongside Ship)

The seller's obligation ends when goods are delivered alongside the vessel at the port of shipment.
All costs and risks thereafter are borne by the buyer.

FOB (Free On Board)

The seller is responsible until goods are loaded onto the designated vessel.
Costs and risks after shipment transfer to the buyer.

CFR (Cost and Freight)

The seller bears freight to the destination port and is responsible for transportation.
However, risk transfers to the buyer from the moment of shipment.

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)

Same as CFR, the seller bears freight to the destination port.
Additionally, the seller also bears insurance premiums to cover risks during transportation.

Summary

Term	Name	Seller's Main Obligation	Buyer's Main Obligation
EXW	Ex Works	Delivery	All transportation, customs clearance, costs
FCA	Free Carrier	Delivery at designated place	Subsequent transportation, risk
CPT	Carriage Paid To	Transportation costs to destination	Risk from first carrier delivery
CIP	Carriage and Insurance Paid To	Transportation costs & insurance	Risk from first carrier delivery
DAP	Delivered At Place	Transportation to destination	Unloading, import customs clearance
DPU	Delivered At Place Unloaded	To destination unloading	Import customs clearance
DDP	Delivered Duty Paid	All transportation, customs clearance, duties	Receive goods only
FAS	Free Alongside Ship	Delivery alongside ship	Loading, subsequent transportation
FOB	Free On Board	Loading completed	Subsequent transportation
CFR	Cost and Freight	Freight	Risk from shipment
CIF	Cost, Insurance and Freight	Freight & insurance	Risk from shipment